Book 2, Chapter 4 Summary and Analysis

Smith makes a comment about the human condition. As far as he can tell, he asserts that there tends to be at least a small element of discontent found in individuals. This restlessness can give rise to industry. It is one of the few remarks the author makes about the human condition.

Next, Adam Smith informs readers about borrowing and lending. Lenders want borrowers who will use the money to increase the value and profit of that money. There are various rates offered on loans to governments and to private industries and individuals. For borrowers, a difficulty can be that unless they are borrowing in order to turn a profit through a business venture in the usual sense, it can be difficult to borrow. For this reason, borrowing occurs most where there are business people who use the money...