Chapter 34 through Chapter 38 Summary and Analysis

In "The Crusades", the Turks take over the Holy Land, and in 1095 the Pope raises the alarm in Rome, asking for everyone to help battle for Palestine. Religious mania results. This is the First Crusade, and it leads to the killing of thousands of Jews. The Church then spends a year training soldiers, and sends them on a Second Crusade, where they kill masses of Muslims. The Turks again rise to the occasion, retaking Jerusalem and slaughtering the Christians. Seven further Crusades occur, but none are successful, and moreover, the Crusaders often return home imitating the manners and customs of their enemies, the Turks. This changes Europe as the people seek a broader life. In "The Mediaeval City", the Crusades make the people of Europe realize the world is vast. They learn to make goods at home...