"Since antiquity the Chinese had had rigid laws excluding Europeans from their country. The inflexibility of these laws, the lack of freedom for Europeans to go where they pleased and trade as they pleased, had caused the war." Chap. 1, p. 12

"Well, these were the terms under which the Emperor of China agreed to trade with 'barbarians' a hundred and fifty years ago. The Regulations confined all 'barbarian' trade to the single port of Canton. All tea and silk had to be paid for in silver, nae credit whatsoever allowed, and smuggling was forbidden. 'Barbarians' were allowed to build warehouses and factories on a plot of land half a mile by two hundred yards at Canton: 'barbarians' were totally confined to this walled-in area - the Canton Settlement - and could stay only for the winter shipping season - September until March - when they must leave and go...