Copper pans

Copper pans are frequently referred to in the novel as symbols of domesticity. Orlov resents the changes Zinaida brings into his life because they disrupt his quiet routine as a bachelor. Stepan, on the other hand, longs for “copper pans” because they remind him of the family he believes his illness will never let him have (275).

Zinaida

Zinaida symbolizes pure, unselfish love. Stepan views the strength of Zinaida’s love for Orlov as a rarity and becomes obsessed with Zinaida on account of this.

Stepan’s uniform

Stepan’s uniform is symbolic of his class. When he shows up in his underwear to wait on his master, the lines of class are momentarily blurred. This helps explain why Orlov treats him with respect on that occasion.

Stepan’s false passport

Stepan’s false passport represents the falsity of Petersburg’s high society. He leaves it...