Part 3: Chapter 22 Summary and Analysis

The Russians fought against the Austrians and made their way to Vienna and Budapest. At the urging of the worried French, they had to turn away from Vienna and Budapest to assist their French allies against the Germans. Because of this move, they lost their chance to crush the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Even though the Austrians were easier to fight than the Germans were, one quarter of the Russian army had been killed, injured or imprisoned by the end of 1914. The losses were so heavy among the Russian officers because they considered it cowardly to take cover, even when confronted with bullets. This meant that there had to be continual replacements. The Tsar finally told the officers to take cover instead of walking into bullets.

The Germans targeted 1915 as the year to force the Russians out of the war. They...