Art as Idolatry

As art flourishes in Europe during the Renaissance, its influence begins to reach the Ottomans. Some, such as Enishte, find the beautiful life-like images irresistible. Others, however, recognize these images as idolatry, which is forbidden by the Koran. As a compromise, for a time, Islamic illustration is a natural outgrowth of the intricately decorated borders of books. The stories, text and calligraphy are the most important aspects of book making, but miniatures depicting the scenes of the stories add to the beauty of the book. Intent is very important. Illustrations hiding in books are different than portraits on the walls and ceilings, as if poised for worship.

The miniatures, though still hidden in books, become more and more intricate and realistic, evoking an emotional response beyond the stories they illustrate. The artists also feel driven to illustrate the world as God sees it. Some book lovers...