1980s: Thirty percent of Japanese women in their twenties are not married.

Today: Fifty percent of Japanese women in their twenties are not married.

1980s: Although Japanese women are still encouraged to marry in their twenties, it becomes socially acceptable for married women in certain classes to work part-time, as long as it does not interfere with their marriage duties.

Today: Almost half of all Japanese women work outside the home, in full-time and part-time jobs. Yet, for the working women with children, it is more common to pursue part-time employment, unless their children are old enough that they do not require full-time care anymore.

1980s: Following the modern women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s, many American women embrace their independence and choose to put child-rearing on hold while pursuing careers.

Today: Many American women are torn between being independent and raising children...