Pythagorean Theorem

The theorem that expresses the proportions of the sides of a right triangle. The theorem is that the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the two perpendicular legs and is written a² = b² + c² .

Quadrature

The procedure of determining the area of a closed polygon by constructing a square of the same area.

Prime Number

A number that can only be divided evenly by itself and 1.

Binomial Theorem

A theorem refined by Isaac Newton that allows for the expansion of algebraic equations with exponents.

Harmonic Series

The series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... The sum of the series diverges toward infinity

π

The Greek letter "pi." π is the ratio between the diameter and the circumference of a circle.

Transfinite Cardinal

A number used to describe types of infinite sets.

Cubic Equation

A function of the form ax³ + bx² + cx + d where a is not equal...