Lines 1-4:

Carroll explicitly defined certain words when the first stanza of this poem was published as a poem in its own right as "Stanza of Anglo-Saxon Poetry." He provided a glossary, or list of meanings, for some of the unfamiliar words; this list was later incorporated into Humpty Dumpty's explication in Alice in Wonderland. The first line begins with the now archaic English contraction for "It was" and contains the noun "brillig" which Carroll says comes from the broiling or grilling done in the early evening (br + ill + i[n]g) in preparation for dinner. "Toves" are supposedly badger-like creatures, and the adjective "slithy" is a portmanteau made up of "lithe" and "slimy." The definition offered for "gyre" in the second line is "to scratch"; "gimble" is defined as "to bore holes." Carroll has directed us to pronounce these both with a hard "g." However, in American...