Do you believe Helen became a vagrant because of Francis, or was there something within her which led her to that lifestyle? Explain your position.

Why do you think Annie was so willing to take Francis back?

Do you think that Francis is a man capable of feeling love? Can you think of any actions he took during the story which demonstrated love?

Do you believe William Kennedy's portrait of the homeless life is accurate? Why or why not?

What impact do you think Francis' affair with Katrina had on his life?

Which of Francis' crimes do you feel was the worst? Why?

In what ways has Francis changed by the end of the novel?