Saul Bellow, "Man Underground," in Commentary, June, 1952, pp. 608-10.

Leonard J Deutsch, "Ralph Ellison," in Dictionary of literary Biography, Volume 2: American Novelists Since World War II, edited by Jeffrey Helterman and Richard Layman, Gale Research, 1978, pp. 136-40.

Warren French, "Invisible Man," in Reference Guide to American Literature, 3rd edition, St. James Press, 1994, pp. 993-94.

Irving Howe, "Black Boys and Native Sons,"' in Dissent, Autumn, 1963

Charles Johnson, "The Singular VisIOn of Ralph Ellison," preface to Invisible Man, Modern Library, 1994, pp. VII-XII David Little John, in Black on White: A Critical Survey of Writing by American Negroes, Viking, pp. 110-119

Edward Margolies, "History as Blues Ralph Ellison's 'invisible Man,' " in his Native Sons: A Critical Study of Twentieth-Century Negro American Authors, Lippincott, 1968, pp. 127-48.

Anthony West, "Black Man's Burden," in The New Yorker, Volume 28, No. 15, May 31, 1952, pp. 93-96.