1947: One of the goals of the new Constitution in India is to provide free and compulsory education for Indian children. In 1951, approximately 80 percent of the adults in India, like Muni, are illiterate.

1990s: Approximately 52 percent of the adult population is considered literate (64 percent of the men and 39 percent of the women).

1951: Approximately 80 percent of Indian adults live in poverty. The percentage is higher for children. Few of these people have access to clean water.

1997: Due to the spread of technology and a growing educated class engaged in international trade, only one-third of India's population lives below the poverty line. Most villages have access to safe drinking water.

1950s: One hundred rupees is enough money for Muni to think about building a small thatched roof and opening a small food stand. It is twenty times his debt to the shopman.

1998: One hundred rupees is equivalent...