Calvino, Italo, "Cybernetics and Ghosts," in The Uses of Literature, Harcourt Brace, Inc., 1982, pp. 3-27.

———, Introduction to Italian Folktales, Harcourt Brace, Inc., 1956, 1980, pp. xv-xxxii.

———, "Quickness," from Six Memos for the Next Millenium, Harvard University Press, 1988, pp. 35-37.

———, "Two Interviews on Science and Literature," in The Uses of Literature, Harcourt Brace, Inc., 1982, pp. 28-38.

Luöthi, Max, The European Folktales: Form and Nature, Institute for the Study of Human Issues, Inc., 1982.

Ricci, Franco, "Italo Calvino," in Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 196: Italian Novelists Since World War II, 1965-1990, Gale Research, 1999, pp. 50-67.

Sontag, Susan, ed., A Barthes Reader, Hill and Wang, 1982.