Class

The theme of class is especially pertinent in the first half of the novel as it takes place in Oath, a city with clear distinctions between socioeconomic classes. In the first place, Ross makes frequent allusions to Iris’ poverty. The first time this happens is when Iris laments that she can only afford to buy eggs and a sandwich to satiate her intense hunger after a long day at work. Another hint occurs when Iris washes her hands at home: “The water was cold, pumped from the city’s cistern, and the soap turned her hands raw. But she scrubbed away at the stains… her anger fueling her long after her stomach ceased groaning its emptiness” (26). This quote emphasizes Iris’ destitution by showing us Iris cannot afford electricity or decent soap. Importantly, Forest’s departure and Aster’s alcoholism exacerbates the issue of Iris’ poor quality...