1660s: London is ravaged by two disasters: the Great Plague of 1665 and the Great Fire of London in 1666. London experiences heavy casualties in both disasters, largely because plague and fire spread quickly throughout the crowded city.

Today: Many scientists devote their lives to studying disasters—both natural and man-made— in an effort to devise effective methods for preventing widespread damage.

1660s: During the carefree Restoration days in England, following strict rule by the Cromwel-lian Protectorate, many people enjoy plays that explore previously censored topics.

Today: Because of increasing violence in schools,workplaces, and other public areas, many conservative groups advocate the censorship of violence in television and movies.

1660s: In an effort to re-establish England's reputation after the restoration of Charles II, English ships capture the Dutch port of New Amsterdam, a thriving trading post. They rename it New York—after the king's brother...