Botman, Selma, Engendering Citizenship in Egypt, History and Society of the Modern Middle East series, University Press, 1999.

Beginning with the early years of the twentieth century, when Egypt won independence from British rule, Botman studies the effects of an evolving Egyptian culture in which women's social inferiority has been mandated by a dominant patriarchal political, legal, and social system.

Fahmy, Khaled, All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Most historians consider Mehmed Ali Pasha (1769-1849) the founder of modern Egypt. He was an Albanian officer who helped the Egyptians in their fight to rid their lands of the British forces and gain their independence. Pasha is credited with helping to modernize Egypt, building factories, railroads, and canals, and with bringing in European architects and technicians to create a more modern Cairo.

Foster, John L., Ancient Egyptian...