New France

At the start of the novel, the area being claimed by Monsieur Trépagny is referred to as New France. The land is still relatively untouched. With its dense thickets, gloomy forests, and ancient trees, the land feels almost prehistoric. Within only a few years, though, massive clearings have been formed and villages are springing up.

China

In Part II. "...helplessly they stare at his tracks" (1693-1727) Chapter 8 - 22, Charles Duquet voyages to China in order to trade furs. The country is highly advanced in comparison to the newness of New France. China does not have much large natural forests in the same way as New France, but they do have highly curated gardens that intend to demonstrate the symbiotic relationship between man and nature. Though Charles Duquet is mesmerized by the gardens, Wuqua makes the point that no European man understands or values this symbiotic relationship...