The Case Against Tokenism Summary and Analysis

The time had come for the idea of racial justice, freedom, and equality. Yet, in some ways, it moved on. Normal activities resumed based on partial integration. Token integration became a new tool in the battle by those unwilling to allow total freedom and justice for all. The south was required to industrialize, developing economical power, improving medical care, opportunities for educations and acceptable housing for all. Changes came. They would further persist as federal court actions and executive decrees regulated behavior. Education and religion were needed to change attitudes.

The struggle had a collective quality, including members of all classes of society and all ages. There was a uniting effect in the struggle for universal rights and freedom. Nonviolent resistance permitted individuals to discover moral attitudes within their consciousnesses. Further, this strategy provided a...