Book 2: Chapter 3, Three Doctors of the Church Summary and Analysis

The Doctors of the Western Church were Saint Ambrose, Saint Jerome, Saint Augustine, and Pope Gregory the Great. Ambrose, Jerome, and Augustine achieved recognition after the Catholic Church prevailed in the Roman Empire, and before the barbarian invasion. They were young while Julian the Apostate was ruling.

Saint Ambrose shaped the relation between the Church and the State, Saint Jerome produced Latin Bible, and Saint Augustine determined the theology of the Church until the Reformation. Their influence on history was substantial with the introduction of new doctrines, such as the independence of the Church.

Ambrose was a bishop in Milan, the capital of the Western Empire towards the end of the fourth century. The State had weak policies while the Church was guided by sacrifice with a farsighted policy...