Frank J. Gaffney Jr.

Frank J. Gaffney Jr. maintains in the following viewpoint that because biological weapons can easily be manufactured in secret, international bans against biological weapons will always be ineffective. Instead of wasting efforts on unenforceable treaties, Gaffney contends, the United States should focus on policies that will deter biological warfare, such as export controls and defenses against ballistic missiles. Gaffney is the director for the Center for Security Policy, a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that studies and reports on all aspects of security policy. He is also a columnist for the Washington Times.

As you read, consider the following questions:

1. Why is it easy for nations or terrorist groups to manufacture biological weapons in secret, as cited by the author"

2. In Gaffney’s view, what will be the economic impact of modifying the...