William G. Bowen and Derek Bok

Former Princeton University president William G. Bowen and former Harvard University president Derek Bok are the authors of The Shape of the River: Long-Term Consequences of Considering Race in College and University Admissions. In the following viewpoint, Bowen and Bok argue that race- sensitive admissions policies have benifited both minority and white college students. Their survey of thousands of students from selective colleges and universities indicates that most blacks admitted under affirmative action policies pursued successful careers after graduating. Moreover, they contend, race-sensitive policies help to create a healthy and diverse learning environment that enriches all college students.

As you read, consider the following questions:

1. In the opinion of Bowen and Bok, why did colleges and universities start considering race in their admissions policies?
2. What is the average...