AID Artificial insemination by donor.

brain death A legal condition of death in which a person’s brain is no longer functioning. A person may be declared brain-dead even though his or her heart is still beat ing.

cell line A group of cells containing the entire genetic code of an individual; these cells can be sustained and grown in laboratory culture media and are believed to be immortal.

chromosome A chain of genetic material in the cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and protein.

clone A gene, cell, or other organism that is genetically identical to another gene, cell, or organism; also, to create such a genetically identical organism.

Diamond v. Chakrabarty A 1980 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that an or ganism genetically altered by humans could be patented.

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material found in all living things; it exists...