F. Barbara Orlans In the following viewpoint, F. Barbara Orlans asserts that a major shortcoming of the Animal Welfare Act—which was passed in 1966 to protect the welfare of laboratory animals— is its exclusion of rats and mice. Orlans contends that rats, mice, and birds constitute 90 percent of all animals used in laboratory research, and since these animals feel pain in the same way that animals included in the act do, they should be similarly protected. F. Barbara Orlans is a senior research fellow at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics.

As you read, consider the following questions:

1. According to Orlans, what requirements do the Animal Welfare Act impose on scientists conducting research on animals covered by the law"
2. In the author’s opinion, what species included in the Animal...