There are four fundamental forces in nature related to physical phenomena. Although gravity is, by far, the weakest force, the force mediating particle transformations is termed the weak force. The weak force is actually a submicroscopic force working only within the atomic nucleus, whereas gravity has an infinite range. When the range of the weak force is considered, it is truly weak compared to the strong nuclear force. Accordingly, the weak force is considered as a weak nuclear force.

The beginning of the discovery of the weak force can be traced back to German physicist Wilhelm R¨ontgen who discovered x rays. R¨ontgen inadvertently left wrapped photographic plates near a Crookes tube, and returned later to find them exposed. R¨ontgen then wrapped a Crookes tube in black cloth and noted a glow on a piece of paper...