In wave physics, a wave is defined as a periodic disturbance in a medium or in space. A single frequency traveling wave can take the mathematical form of a sine wave, whose velocity of propagation can be expressed by: v = ƒ/&lgr; where ƒ is the frequency of the wave and is equal to the reciprocal of its period (1/T), and where &lgr; is the wavelength. The period is the time required for a point on the wave to make a complete oscillation through the axis of propagation. The crest of a wave is the highest point that it can reach, while the trough of the wave is the lowest point. These are referred to as the maximum and minimum amplitudes, or displacement, of the wave. Waves may be classified on the basis of the direction of movement of the individual particles...