The genetic information that is passed on from parent to offspring is carried by the DNA of a cell. The genes on the DNA code for specific proteins that determines our appearance, different facets of our personality, our health etc. In order for the genes to produce the proteins, it must first be transcribed from DNA to RNA in a process known as transcription. Thus, transcription is defined as the transfer of genetic information from the DNA to the RNA.

The process of transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell. There are three different phases involved: initiation, elongation, and termination.

To initiate the process of information transfer, one of the strands of the double stranded DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of a single strand of RNA that is complementary to the DNA strand. The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a particular region of the...