Sodium benzoate is the sodium salt of benzoic acid. It is an aromatic compound denoted by the chemical formula C₇ H₅ NaO₂ with a molecular weight of 144.11. In its refined form, sodium benzoate is a white, odorless compound that has a sweetish, astringent taste. It is soluble in water. Sodium benzoate has antimicrobial characteristics it is typically used as a preservative in food products.

Sodium benzoate is supplied as a white powder or flake. During use it is mixed dry in bulk liquids where it promptly dissolves. Approximately 1.75 oz (50 g) will readily dissolve in 3 fl oz (100 ml) of water. In contrast, benzoic acid has a significantly lower water solubility profile. When placed in water, sodium benzoate dissociates to form sodium ions and benzoic acid ions. It is a weak organic acid that contains a carboxyl group. Benzoic acid occurs naturally in some foods including cranberries, prunes...