The scientific method is a group of interdependent concepts involving observation and experimentation. In an ideal world, researchers would use the scientific method to conduct experiments under completely controlled conditions, drawing observations based on logic and reason. Perfectly controlled conditions are almost impossible to achieve. However, closely controlled conditions are important because no experiment is valid unless it can be duplicated and verified in other laboratories. This safeguard is built into scientific and medical research to help scientists guard against wasting time and resources on faulty data.

Researchers try to expand on others' findings so new discoveries can be made for everyone's benefit. Therefore, each experiment must serve as a sound building block on which other research can be based. By agreeing on the scientific method as their common framework, researchers give their work international credibility. Scientists who deviate from the scientific method risk being charged...