Relativistic electromagnetism is a combination of special relativity and electromagnetism. Many physicists contributed to the development of electromagnetism during the nineteenth century. In 1864, James Maxwell consolidated their work and devised a set of equations describing electromagnetism. The equations are called Maxwell's equations. In 1905, Albert Einstein published the theory of special relativity. According to special relativity, Newtonian mechanics are only a low-speed approximation. Maxwell's equations, however, were still correct. They needed to be put into a relativistic form that is much different from the classical Maxwell's equations.

Special relativity tells us about the correct transformation of quantities from one inertial reference frame to another. A set of transformation rules were given by Hendrik Lorentz, which were later named Lorentz transformations. Quantities obeying these rules are said to be Lorentz covariant. The two variables in electromagnetism, electric field (E) and magnetic field (B) are not Lorentz covariant. A...