Memory impairment is one of the most pervasive and debilitating consequences of a range of neurological conditions, including closed-head injury, aneurysm, stroke, encephalitis, tumor, anoxia, Korsakoff's syndrome, and dementia. This inability to remember recent experiences or to acquire any new long-term memories is frequently resistant to rehabilitation. Recent empirical and theoretical advances in psychology and neuroscience, however, have broadened understanding of the cognitive and neural mechanisms of memory and have provided a new perspective on memory rehabilitation. It is now apparent that memory is not a unitary entity; it can break down in a variety of ways, and although some aspects of memory are seriously compromised, others remain unaffected. For rehabilitation to be successful, it must take account of the spared as well as the impaired cognitive and neural processes. Finding ways to tap into intact processes to accomplish the kinds of...