Network systems, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), utilities, and the military are all examples of systems that need to be failsafe. This is accomplished by having backup or redundant systems ready to take over in case the main system breaks down. Redundancy refers to any peripherals, computer system, and network devices that take on the processing or transmission load when other units fail. This is also called a fault-tolerant system. Reliability is achieved by having multiple backups of critical components such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, disks, and power supplies. If one unit fails, another is there to immediately take over. A true fault-tolerant system is expensive to maintain, as the redundant hardware is wasted if no system failure occurs. On the other hand, a fault-tolerant system provides the same processing capability after a failure as before a system breakdown. This is not true in the case...