Recombination is a process by which genetic material is shuffled during reproduction. It is important from an evolutionary standpoint because it allows the mixing of different traits. This trait mixing has been crucial for organisms that have had to adapt to a changing environment. Recombination has also allowed for the separation of favorable and unfavorable genetic mutations. In this way, harmful mutations are minimized in the gene pool.

Recombination involves a physical exchange of nucleotides between duplicate strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). There are three known types of recombination--homologous recombination, specific recombination and transposition. Each type occurs under different circumstances.

In eukaryotes, homologous recombination typically occurs during meiosis, which is a special form of cell division. It takes place during the first phase of meiosis, and involves a physical exchange of parts between chromosomes. In most eukaryotic cells, genetic material is organized as chromosomes in the nucleus. During...