Definition

Periodontal disease affects the tissues that support and anchor the teeth. Left untreated, periodontal disease results in destruction of the gums, parts of the jawbone, and portions of the tooth root.

Description

In a healthy person, teeth are held in place by a combination of soft tissue and bone. The soft tissue is known as the gums. Periodontal disease can attack any part of the gums or bone. The most common forms of periodontal disease are gingivitis, periodontitis, and trench mouth.

Gingivitis

The gingiva is the outermost part of the gums. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gingiva. The gingiva becomes red and loses its normal shape. Bleeding occurs easily, during toothbrushing, for example. Gingivitis may be present for many years without becoming a serious medical problem. In some cases, however, it may become more severe. It may become very painful and lead to loss...