Overflow is the general condition that occurs when input or output data within a computer requires more bits than have been reserved in hardware or software in order to store that data. In a digital computer overflow is synonymous with arithmetic overflow, the overflow condition that occurs with mathematical calculations. An example of overflow can be something as simple as the central processing unit (CPU) not accommodating a negative number. Suppose a financial spreadsheet program calculates a checking account balance. Normally all numbers will be in the form of currency (such as $15.46), which are positive. But if the balance should fall below zero, and the program does not allow negative numbers that normally require an additional bit (the smallest piece of information used by the computer) to accommodate the negative sign (e.g., -$3.45) or bracket (e.g., ($3.45)), then an overflow condition occurs. Other examples of overflow include...