Organocuprates are organic compounds comprised of metallic copper directly attached to a carbon atom. In these compounds, one or more hydrogen atoms in the parent organic molecule have been replaced by copper, usually with the establishment of a valence bond between the copper atom and the carbon atom. Organocuprate (organocopper) reagents are any one of several organic reagents containing copper and often other metals; they are important in conjugate-addition reactions and in the displacement of leaving groups.

Many organocuprates exist as metallobiomolecules, i.e., biomolecules that contain one or more metallic elements. Metallobiomolecules are complex coordination compounds whose metal-containing sites are frequently involved in electron transfer, the binding of exogenous molecules, and catalysis. Many metallobiomolecules, including the organocuprates tyrosinase, superoxide dimutase, and cytochrome oxidase, are present as enzymes in the human body; the enzyme cytochrome oxidase, for example, catalyzes a reaction in the electron transport system. Other metallobiomolecules, such as the organocuprate ceruloplasmin, are present as carrier proteins.

Some organocuprates have commercial importance. Copper pththalocyanine or C₃₂H₁₆N₈Cu (also known as Pigment Blue 15), is used in paints, alkyd resin enamels, printing inks, lacquers, rubber, resins, papers, tinplate printing, and colored chalks. And the chemical compound Maculure is used to control flies in poultry and cattle operations.