Neurotoxins are a special class of metabolic poisons that attack nerve cells. Disruption of the nervous system as a result of exposure to neurotoxins is usually quick and destructive. Neurotoxins are categorized according to the nature of their impact on the nervous system. Anesthetics (ether, chloroform, halothane), chlorinated hydrocarbons (DDT, Dieldrin, Aldrin), and heavy metals (lead, mercury) disrupt the ion transport across cell membranes essential for nerve action. Common pesticides, including carbamates such as Sevin, Zeneb and Maneb and the organophosphates such as Malathion and Parathion, inhibit acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that regulates nerve signal transmission between nerve cells and the organs and tissues they innervate.

Environmental exposure to neurotoxins can occur through a variety of mechanisms. These include improper use, improper storage or disposal, occupational use, and accidental spills during distribution or application. Since the identification and ramifications of all neurotoxins are not fully known, there is risk...