This is a self-report test containing 550 statements that can be answered true or false (Levitt & Durkworth, 1984). It was first published in 1943 for use in routine diagnostic assessment. As one of the most widely used psychological tests, the MMPI is sometimes given to alcoholics and drug users to evaluate the psychological effects of substance use as well as the personality characteristics of substance abusers.

The MMPI is scored in subunits or scales. Eight scales comprise the main parts of the clinical pro-file, which is a standard way of describing the patient's personality features in relation to population norms. The clinical scales measure hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathic deviancy, paranoia, psychasthemia, schizophrenia, and hypomania.

The MMPI has three main applications to the diagnosis and study of substance-use disorders. First, it has been used to evaluate the effects of alcohol and drug abuse. Several...