Ars Nova or The New Art (1320)—This treatise, once thought to be written by Philippe de Vitry, is one of three important treatises on music (along with Ars Novae Musicae by Johannes de Muris, and Speculum Musicae by Jacques de Liège) that dealt with new trends in music composition involving refinements in notation.

The Cantigas de Santa Maria (c. 1250)—This collection contains more than 400 songs from the court of Alfonso X "el Sabio" (the Wise), king of Castile.

Carmina Burana or Songs of Benediktbeuern (c. 1290)—This large collection of Latin songs from the south German monastery of Benediktbeuern includes texts on serious religious subjects, love songs, and drinking songs, some of them in German.

Guillaume Dufay, Nuper rosarum flores (1436), Missa Se la face ay pale (1452)—The works of this composer, which are considered among the finest of his generation, include a...