Overview

During the sixteenth century, mathematics was transformed from the traditional study of classical texts and problems to a dynamic science characterized by active research in problems both abstract and applied. Such research depended on the lively exchange of ideas and techniques, which fostered a spirit of competition among investigators. The practice of offering challenges and contests characterized sixteenth- and seventeenth-century mathematics, and left a permanent legacy of mathematical competitions.

Background

Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century European mathematicians were keenly aware of one another's work, thanks to efficient correspondence networks and the rise of printed mathematical books. This awareness helped speed the pace of research, but it also gave mathematical work a competitive spirit. Mathematicians became anxious to identify and solve important problems, and to be the first to do so. The rewards for such competition were primarily personal—a triumphant solution would bring...