A liquid crystal is a substance that apparently falls between the solid and liquid states. The three well-known states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases. These three states of matter exist because of the different degrees of order and energy in molecules. The molecules in each state have a different degree of order or randomness about them. For example, a solid is composed of molecules with a large amount of order and lower kinetic energy. The molecules in a crystalline solid occupy a specific place in the arrangement of the solid and are also oriented in a specific manner. The molecules in a solid vibrate a bit, but they maintain this highly ordered arrangement. The molecules in a solid can be thought of as balls connected with springs. The balls can vibrate due to the contractions and expansions of the springs between them, but overall...