1873-1946

French engineer whose scientific work was concerned with the theory of metal alloys. He investigated the properties of special kinds of steel: those made with nickel, manganese, chromium, and tungsten as well as bronzes and brasses. During World War I, he experimented with thermally treating metal alloys and developed a form of stainless steel. In 1905 he became director of the research department of one of the largest automobile factories in France.