1733-1804

English Physical Scientist and Theologian

Joseph Priestley is best known for his discovery of oxygen, his fundamental studies of gases, and his contributions to the understanding of photosynthesis in plants.

Priestley was largely self-educated through his extensive reading. His formal studies were intended to prepare him for the ministry in one of the Calvinist nonconformist or dissenting churches that disagreed with the teachings of the Church of England. His growing liberal ideas in religion and politics later led him away from Calvinism. He would eventually become one of the chief spokesmen for Unitarianism in England.

Joseph Priestley.

Priestley's constant search for truth led him, in 1758, to begin scientific experiments. Although he was primarily a minister and theologian throughout his life and remained essentially an amateur in science, he was destined to make substantial contributions to the development of modern physical science.

He began teaching at...