1726-1790

English Public Health Reformer

John Howard is remembered for his efforts and successes at reforming the appallingly unsanitary and inhumane conditions in hospitals and prisons both in England and in Europe during the eighteenth century. By visiting prisons first-hand, taking meticulous notes, and publishing books on the horrors he encountered, Howard raised public opinion. Howard was one of many mid-eighteenth century public health reformers, but recognized as one who obtained results and left a legacy that subsequent reformers could follow.

John Howard, the son of a wealthy man who inherited a fortune on his father's death in 1742, traveled widely in Europe. He suffered an unfortunate experience while traveling by ship to Spain in 1756 when his ship was seized by a French privateer. Howard, the ship's crew, and his fellow passengers were thrown into jail in France as prisoners of war. Although soon released, his suffering...