1897-1985

American microbiologist who shared the 1954 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine with F. C. Robbins and T. H. Weller for their discovery that the virus which causes polio can be grown in a test tube (in vitro) on various tissues. This discovery allowed for the mass production of a successful polio vaccine. He also cultivated the measles virus in 1954 and developed a vaccine for measles in 1962.