1849-1936

Russian psychologist and physiologist who is best known for his theory of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes, which he developed on the basis of experiments with dogs and chimpanzees. Elected in 1907 to the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pavlov also made contributions to medical science and chemistry, and in 1904 he received the Nobel Prize for his work on digestive enzymes. Pavlov's research greatly advanced physiology and behavioral psychology and deepened understanding of the learning process.