Overview

Hydrogen peroxide (HY-druh-jin per-OK-side) is a clear, colorless, somewhat unstable liquid with a bitter taste. When absolutely pure, the compound is quite stable. Even small amounts of impurities (such as iron or copper), however, act as catalysts that increase its tendency to decompose, sometimes violently, into water and nascent oxygen (O). To prevent decomposition, small amounts of inhibitors, such as acetanilide or sodium stannate are added to pure hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen peroxide solutions.

Key Facts

Other Names:

Hydrogen dioxide; hydroperoxide; peroxide

Formula:

H₂O₂

Elements:

Hydrogen; oxygen

Compound Type:

Oxide (inorganic)

State:

Liquid

Molecular Weight:

34.02 g/mol

Melting Point:

−0.43°C (−31°F)

Boiling Point:

150.2°C (302.4°F)

Solubility:

Very soluble in water; soluble in ether

Hydrogen peroxide was discovered in 1818 by French chemist Louis Jacques Thénard (1777–1857). It was first used commercially in the 1800s, primarily to bleach hats. Today, industrial processes make about 500 million kilograms...