Human experimentation refers to the use of human beings as experimental subjects. A subject is defined as an individual who is observed or experimented with by an investigator; an investigator is a qualified individual who conducts research. Humans have long been used as subjects for a variety of experiments. However, the most publicized are those that are medical in nature, for medical science has an impact on human health and life in crucial ways. Although most medical experimentation is carried out using laboratory animals, the results cannot always be extrapolated to humans with certainty. Some human diseases are known that occur spontaneously in certain animal species or that can even be induced; however, most human diseases do not have animal models. Furthermore, the functioning of an animal is not identical to that of humans. Therefore, the final tests need to be done on human subjects; for...