Uses for synthetic fibers range from nylon stockings and clothing to cables and tire reinforcement. Synthetic fibers are made from polymers that are either melted into a solution by heat or dissolved by a solvent. The solution is then passed through a metal plate with fine holes, called spinnerets. This process forms the polymers into strands. The fibers are then either cooled or passed through a jet of air to allow the solvent to evaporate. Most fibers at this point are subjected to cold drawing, a strengthening technique developed by Wallace Carothers's team in its search for artificial silk. After drawing, the fibers are washed, dried, dyed, and woven.

The first patent for synthetic fiber was granted to George Audemars in 1855. A related patent was granted to Sir Joseph Swan in 1880. Both of these men produced fibers from cellulose, which, unfortunately, were not very strong. Louis...