Drip irrigation maximizes scarce resources by delivering water exactly where it is needed. The percolation plume from drip sources follows the bulb shape of the root zone, wasting little water. This also better controls fertilizer inputs by applying nutrients with the water application. Though expensive to install, and best-suited to perennials or high-value crops, this system overcomes or minimizes problems from traditional irrigation methods. Spray irrigation maximizes evaporation; while gravity-fed systems contribute to seepage losses, waterlogging, and salinization. Through water budget analyses and weed control, growers can maintain the exact moisture and nutritional levels needed for optimum plant growth.