Viewpoint: Yes, the fossils found by Louis and Mary Leakey and by Donald Johanson represent several hominid species.

Viewpoint: No, the hominid fossils found and named by Donald Johanson and Louis and Mary Leakey represent a single species of Australopithecine or very early Homo.

Modern studies of the relationship between the ancestors of the great apes and modern humans involve many disciplines, such as paleoanthropology, historical geography, archaeology, comparative anatomy, taxonomy, population genetics, and molecular biology. Although insights gained by the genetic analysis of human and nonhuman lineages have provided new insights into human evolution, the fossilized remains...